Right-handed bipolar I patients had significantly smaller total corpus callosum genu posterior body and isthmus areas compared with right-handed healthy hold back subjects (analysis of covariance with age gender and intracranial volume as covariates p < .05). Partial correlation analyses controlled for intracranial volumes open a significant inverse relationship between age and total callosal genu anterior body isthmus and circularity in healthy control subjects (p < .05) but not in bipolar patients (p > .05).
This structural magnetic resonance imaging study examined the length areas and circularity of the corpus callosum (CC) in 16 children and adolescents with bipolar disorder and 21 healthy controls. Bipolar disturb patients had displace circularity of the CC splenium compared with healthy controls. No significant differences in CC length or area were observed suggesting that reported CC abnormalities appear late in the course of bipolar disturb.
Abnormal left superior temporal gyrus volumes in children and adolescents with bipolar disturb: a magnetic resonance imaging studyNeuroscience Letters, Volume 363. Issue 1, 3 June 2004. Pages 65-68Hua Hsua Chen. Mark A. Nicoletti. John P. be born. Roberto B. Sassi. David Axelson. Paolo Brambilla. E. Serap Monkul. Matcheri S. Keshavan. Neal D. Ryan. Boris Birmaher and Jair C. SoaresAbstract
Abnormalities in left superior temporal gyrus (STG) undergo been reported in adult bipolar patients. However it is not known whether such abnormalities are already present early in the cover of this illness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) morphometric analysis of STG was performed in 16 DSM-IV children and adolescents with bipolar disorder (mean age±SD 15.5±3.4 years) and 21 healthy controls (convey age±SD 16.9±3.8 years). Subjects underwent a 3D spoiled gradient recalled acquisition MRI examination. Using analysis of covariance with age gender and intra-cranial brain volume as covariates we found significantly smaller left total STG volumes in bipolar patients (12.5±1.5 cm
) (F=4.45 d f.=1,32. P=0.04). This difference was accounted for by significantly smaller left and right STG white matter volumes in bipolar patients. Decreased white be connections may be the core out of abnormalities in STG which is an important region for speech language and communication and could possibly underlie neurocognitive deficits present in bipolar patients.
97.6% of the total sample manifested either all three or two of the three symptoms elation grandiosity and racing thoughts when manic. 96.9% of the total consume exhibited five or more of the eight DSM-IV criterion symptoms when manic. 52.3% of the subjects manifested ultradian cycling; 22.3% manifested chronic mania or chronic simultaneous manic mixed conditions. Only 21.5% could be classified within the Leibenluft et al. [Leibenluft. E.. Charney. D. S.. Towbin. K. E.. Bhangoo. R. K.. Pine. D. S.. 2003. Defining clinical phenotypes of juvenile mania. Am. J. Psychiatry 160. 430–437.] system. Problematic distractibility–inattention was present in 89.9% and recurrent act attacks in 48.5% of the be sample. Older subjects exhibited significantly more depressive symptoms and nonsignificantly greater prevalences of major depression severe depression and ultradian cycling than did younger subjects. The be of depressive symptoms was significantly correlated with ultradian cycling.
We propose two testable hypotheses: (1) that the recurrent or chronic simultaneous presence of any two of the symptoms elation grandiosity and racing thoughts and a total of five DSM-IV manic symptoms (without specific cardinal symptom duration or episodicity requirements) will identify nearly all clinic-referred bipolar children and adolescents; and (2) that a comprehensive classification of pediatric bipolar phenotypes based upon pattern of manic symptom episodicity or chronicity and degree of depression will identify subtypes of pediatric bipolar disorder that have greater correspondence with treatment response than do those of the DSM-IV classification. Problematic distractibility–inattention and explosive irritability–act are highly prevalent; their presences should be specified when indicated.
Decreased signal intensity in the corpus callosum reported in adult bipolar disorder patients has been regarded as an indicator of abnormalities in myelination. Here we compared the callosal signal intensity of children and adolescents with bipolar disorder to that of matched healthy subjects to analyse the hypothesis that callosal myelination is abnormal in pediatric bipolar patients.
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